Increasing the aspect ratio at a constant inclination angle increases the mean aerodynamic loading except for the α = 30° and AR = 0.5 case where the mean forces are larger than the other aspect ratios for this specific inclination angle. An increase in the inclination angle while the aspect ratio (span to chord) is constant results in higher drag and lower lift on the plate. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and chord length of the plate at different inclination angles varies between 75,000 to 150,000. A thin flat plate is considered at three inclination angles (α = 30°, 60° and 90°) and three aspect ratios (AR = 0.5, 2 and 5). Drag force: Fd = 1.328 * 0.5 * 1.225 kg/m^3 * (5 m/s)^2 * 4 m^2 = 257.Large Eddy Simulations are carried out to analyze flow past flat plate in different configurations and inclinations. Drag coefficient: Cd = 1.328 (for a flat plate) Cross-sectional area of the plate: A = 2 m * 2 m = 4 m^2 Surface area of the plate: A = 2 m * 2 m = 4 m^2 Using the given values, we can calculate: Drag force: Fd = Cd*0.5*rho*u^2*A, where Cd is the drag coefficient and A is the cross-sectional area of the plate. Convective heat transfer rate: Q = h*A*(Ts - T∞), where A is the surface area of the plate. The Prandtl number for air is approximately 0.7. The Reynolds number can be calculated using the equation Re = rho*u*L/mu, where rho is the density of air, mu is the dynamic viscosity of air, and L is the length of the plate. The Nusselt number can be calculated using the equation Nu = 0.664*(Re^0.5)*(Pr^(1/3)), where Re is the Reynolds number and Pr is the Prandtl number.
Average convection heat transfer coefficient: h = Nu*k/L, where Nu is the Nusselt number and k is the thermal conductivity of air. (a) For airflow, we can use the following equations:
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